Use the Force: Part II

The notion that states have a monopoly on violence is more aspirational than actual. Violence occurs regularly below the level of states and can build to regular criminal capacity. While…

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Use of Force: Part I

This analysis was featured in Critical State, a weekly newsletter from Inkstick Media and The World. Subscribe here. Faced with limited public trust in policing, and especially with the…

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Rebel Reliance: Part II

This analysis was featured in Critical State, a weekly newsletter from Inkstick Media and The World. Subscribe here. When the Syrian civil war came to Aleppo, it was hardly the first…

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Rebel Reliance: Part I

This analysis was featured in Critical State, a weekly newsletter from Inkstick Media and The World. Subscribe here. Battles are a curious event, requiring two participants but whose timing…

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States at Dawn: Part II

This analysis was featured in Critical State, a weekly newsletter from Inkstick Media and The World. Subscribe here. People are creatures of geography. From the moment we are born into the…

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States at Dawn: Part I

This analysis was featured in Critical State, a weekly newsletter from Inkstick Media and The World. Subscribe here. From what raw material conditions does the field of International…

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Citizen Pain: Part II

This analysis was featured in Critical State, a weekly newsletter from Inkstick Media and The World. Subscribe here. When the United States invaded Iraq in March 2003, together with the…

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Citizen Pain: Part I

This analysis was featured in Critical State, a weekly newsletter from Inkstick Media and The World. Subscribe here. When the British Crown imposed rule on India by force (and through…

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